
Moreover, a subsequent study by Kilteni, Normand, Sanchez-Vives, and Slater demonstrated that participants could successfully transfer themselves into avatars that are shaped fundamentally differently from them, for example ones with arms much longer than human physical arms. For example, Slater and colleagues demonstrated that male participants experienced a so-called “body transfer illusion” even when their avatars were female. Recent work has examined how people come to “inhabit” or embody their avatars, which are virtual representations of themselves. In this paper, we discuss how giving participants an enhanced ability in VR–the power to fly using their arms–affected helping behavior after they were out of the VR world. The effects of virtual experiences can endure for example: the plane-phobic person is able to take plane flights months later.

Similarly, people with a fear of flying who therapeutically experience a virtual plane flight are helped to overcome their fears as much as people who therapeutically experience a real flight as part of a fear-of-flying course or therapy (see Rizzo & Kim for a thorough discussion of therapy with virtual reality).
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For instance, people walking on a log across a virtual chasm may know intellectually that they are in a VR world, but nonetheless experience many of the psychological symptoms they would experience if asked to cross an actual chasm (e.g., stress as measured by skin conductance ). Experiences in virtual reality (VR) can be powerful–the user can feel as if he or she were actually “present” in the VR world.
